Storage

Computer storage is the holding of data in an electromagnetic form for access by a computer processor.

FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER STORAGE.
Computer storage is important to help users store programs and data to be used at a later time.It is also useful to keep current data while being processed by the processor until the information is saved in a storage media such as a hard disk or a diskette.Computer storage also stores instructions from a computer program.

TYPES OF COMPUTER STORAGE

Primary storage is known as the main memory of a computer, including RAM (Random-Access Memory)and ROM (Read-Only Memory). It is an internal memory (inside the CPU) that can be accessed directly
by the processor.
Secondary storage is the alternative storage in a
computer. It is an external storage that refers to various ways a computer can store program and data.

PRIMARY STORAGE
Primary storage is installed internally. Two main types of primary storage are RAM and ROM.
Data from RAM can be read or retrieved and written or stored during processing whereas data from ROM can just be read only.
RAM is volatile, which means the program and data will be lost when the
computer is turned off.
ROM is non-volatile which means it holds the programs and data even when the computer is turned off.
Many complex functions, such as translators for high-level languages and
operating systems are placed in primary storage.

volatile : The content is lost when a computer’s power is turned off.

Secondary storage is an alternative storage. It is very useful to store programs and data for future use. Secondary storage is required for two reasons.
1.The working memory of the CPU is limited in size and cannot always hold the amount of data required.
2.Data and programs in secondary storage do not disappear when the power is turned off.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Today I learn about CPU..CPU is the brain of the computer..CPU is an integrated circuit chip that is capable of processing electronic signals..A CPU interprets instruction given by the software and carries out those instruction by processing data and controlling the rest of computer components..

CPU consists two subcomponent : the Control Unit (CU) and the Arithmetic logic Unit(ALU)..Control Units is to direct the CPU to process data..

Under the direction of a program, the Control Unit manages a four-step basic operation which is called a machine cycle or processing cycle.

Fetch and decode is in the instruction cycle whereas execute and store is in the execution cycle. Today’s microprocessor can go through this entire
four-step process billions of times per second.

FETCH
Retrieves the next program instruction from the computer’s memory.

DECODE
Determines what the program is telling the computer to do.

STORE
Stores the results to an internal register (a temporary storage location or to memory).

EXECUTE
Performs the requested instruction, such as adding two numbers or deciding which one of them is larger.

Arithmetic Logic Unit can perform all arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operation is an operation that forms a function of two numbers. This function is usually one of the class of operations: add, subtract, multiply and
divide.

HOW DATA IS PROCESSING??

When a user starts a program, its instructions are transferred from the storage device to the memory. The user enters the data needed by the program.
The Control Unit then interprets and executes instructions in the memory. The Arithmetic Logic Unit then performs calculations on the data in the memory. As a result, information is then stored in the memory. Information can then be sent to an output device or a storage device.

MOtHeRbOaRd

Motherboard is the main circuit board on a system unit..motherboard has some electronic components attached to it and others build into it..the expansion cards are slotted in the expansion slot..RAM is the memory of the computer..connectors are plugged into ports..the connector connect to the port..all computer components are connected to its respective port by a connector..